was stalin a fair leader

From 1934 to 1940 Stalin had vast numbers of government, party, and army officials murdered to satisfy his paranoid delusions that everyone was out to get him. Demanding that Trotsky, Zinoviev and Kamenev apologise to the Party for the errors when they lost votes at the Party Congress. After Stalin's death in 1953, he was eventually succeeded by Nikita Khrushchev, who subsequently denounced his rule and initiated the de-Stalinisation of Soviet society. [318] Bukharin and several other Central Committee members were angry that they had not been consulted about this measure, which they deemed rash. Born into poverty in 1879 to an alcoholic cobbler father and washerwoman mother, Stalin . "We have lost one of the tallest socialist leaders, who remained deeply committed to the ideals of . [648] There, he emphasised what he regarded as leadership qualities necessary in the future and highlighted the weaknesses of various potential successors, particularly Molotov and Mikoyan. [836] According to Boris Bazhanov, Stalin's one-time secretary, "Women didn't interest him. [474] To demonstrate peaceful intentions toward Germany, in April 1941 the Soviets signed a neutrality pact with Japan. Born: December 8, 1878 in Gori, Georgia. [931] In this literature, Stalin's repressions are regarded either as a necessary measure to defeat "enemies of the people" or the result of lower-level officials acting without Stalin's knowledge. [54] His militant rhetoric proved divisive among the city's Marxists, some of whom suspected that he might be an agent provocateur working for the government. [616] Monarchy was abolished in Bulgaria and Romania. [848] They had two biological childrena son, Vasily, and a daughter, Svetlana, and adopted another son, Artyom Sergeev, in 1921. There were two Five Year Plans - first from 1928 to 1933 and the second from 1932 to 1937. [547] Stalin was pressed by his allies to enter the war and wanted to cement the Soviet Union's strategic position in Asia. [118] Shortly after the conference, Lenin and Grigory Zinoviev decided to co-opt Stalin to the committee. [36] Another influential text was Alexander Kazbegi's The Patricide, with Stalin adopting the nickname "Koba" from that of the book's bandit protagonist. Stalin has also been described as 5ft 4,5,6.Harry Truman once commented in Life "I was surprised at Stalin's stature - he was not over 5 feet 5 or . [864], It was long rumored that Stalin married a sister of Lazar Kaganovich. [17] In September 1888, Stalin enrolled at the Orthodox Gori Church School,[18] a place secured by Charkviani. But whether that's the case will likely forever remain a matter of speculation, Brent and Naumov concluded in Stalin's Last Crime: The Plot Against the Jewish Doctors, 1948-1953 . [325] Stalin barred kulaks from joining these collectives. He was faced with the problem that there were few Marxists left in Eastern Europe, with most having been killed by the Nazis. [374] [678] Some of these derived from political expediency rather than any sincere intellectual commitment;[678] Stalin would often turn to ideology post hoc to justify his decisions. A+. His gang ambushed the armed convoy in Erivan Square with gunfire and home-made bombs. leader Sanjay Raut to join Rahul Gandhi's 'padyatra' in J&K . [340] The USSR underwent a massive economic transformation. [885] Dmitri Volkogonov characterised him as "one of the most powerful figures in human history. [855] After the Second World War, he made little time for his children and his family played a decreasingly important role in his life. [536], In February 1945, the three leaders met at the Yalta Conference. [581], In the post-war period there were often food shortages in Soviet cities,[582] and the USSR experienced a major famine from 1946 to 1947. [202] The governing RSDLP party was soon renamed, becoming the Russian Communist Party. PM Modi's advice to BJP workers: 'Don't make anti-Muslim remarks' Views: 264. [89] Lenin and Stalin disagreed with this decision[90] and later privately discussed how they could continue the robberies for the Bolshevik cause. Published April 3, 2022 Updated April 5, 2022 Joseph Stalin died on March 5, 1953, after apparently suffering a stroke but some suspect that he was actually poisoned. [206] At the same time, he disregarded orders and repeatedly threatened to resign when affronted. On December 1, 1934, less than a year after he was mentioned as a possible replacement for Stalin, Sergei Kirov was assassinated. [59] Held first in Batumi Prison[60] and then Kutaisi Prison,[61] in mid-1903 he was sentenced to three years of exile in eastern Siberia. [610] The 1947 Hungarian elections were also rigged, with the Hungarian Working People's Party taking control. [811], Stalin was a keen and accomplished billiards player,[812] and collected watches. He further states the estimate is far lower than the estimates of 20million or above which were made before access to the archives. [274] Favouring new Communist Party members from proletarian backgrounds, to the "Old Bolsheviks" who tended to be middle class university graduates,[275] he ensured he had loyalists dispersed across the country's regions. [140] Derived from the Russian word for steel (stal),[141] this has been translated as "Man of Steel";[142] Stalin may have intended it to imitate Lenin's pseudonym. Myth I saw Hitler many, many times, and Goering and Goebbels. [209] In Tsaritsyn, Stalin commanded the local Cheka branch to execute suspected counter-revolutionaries, sometimes without trial[210] and in contravention of government orders purged the military and food collection agencies of middle-class specialists, some of whom he also executed. As leader of a highly centralised dictatorship Josef Stalin inevitably played a pivotal part in every area of the Soviet war effort during the Great Patriotic War (1941-45). [70] Although he established a Bolshevik stronghold in the mining town of Chiatura,[71] Bolshevism remained a minority force in the Menshevik-dominated Georgian revolutionary scene. [233] Stalin felt humiliated and under-appreciated; on 17 August, he demanded demission from the military, which was granted on 1 September. [406] In turn, the anti-communist governments of Germany, Fascist Italy and Japan signed the Anti-Comintern Pact of 1936. [231], In mid-August 1920, the Poles repulsed the Russian advance, and Stalin returned to Moscow to attend the Politburo meeting. Firstly, the divisions within the party, made his task of eliminating people less complicated, he only had individuals, not groups of people against him. To eradicate accused "enemies of the working class", Stalin instituted the Great Purge, in which over a million were imprisoned, largely in the Gulag system of forced labour camps, and at least 700,000 executed between 1934 and 1939. 227 in July 1942, which directed that those retreating unauthorised would be placed in "penal battalions" used as cannon fodder on the front lines. [190], Having dropped his editorship of Pravda,[191] Stalin was appointed the People's Commissar for Nationalities. [261] Stalin believed this would encourage independence sentiment among non-Russians, instead arguing that ethnic minorities would be content as "autonomous republics" within the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. [572] Academia and the arts were also allowed greater freedom than they had prior to 1941. [709] Following Lenin's death, Stalin contributed to the theoretical debates within the Communist Party, namely by developing the idea of "Socialism in One Country". [435] These purges replaced most of the party's old guard with younger officials who did not remember a time before Stalin's leadership and who were regarded as more personally loyal to him. Stalin was clever in his tactics to become leader. [260], They also disagreed on the nature of the Soviet state. [458] In August 1939, the Soviet Union signed the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact with Germany, a non-aggression pact negotiated by Molotov and German foreign minister Joachim von Ribbentrop. As the majority of excess deaths under Stalin were not direct killings, the exact number of victims of Stalinism is difficult to calculate due to lack of consensus among scholars on which deaths can be attributed to the regime. "[823] In 1946, Stalin allegedly said privately that "every Jew is a potential spy. [183] Stalin's office was based near to Lenin's in the Smolny Institute,[184] and he and Trotsky were the only individuals allowed access to Lenin's study without an appointment. [695] In his book, Foundations of Leninism, he stated that "Leninism is the Marxism of the epoch of imperialism and of the proletarian revolution". [333] Stalin responded to the uprisings with an article insisting that collectivisation was voluntary and blaming any violence and other excesses on local officials. Stalin came to power in the Soviet Union in 1929. [684] According to scholar Robert Service, Stalin's "few innovations in ideology were crude, dubious developments of Marxism". [119] Lenin believed that Stalin, as a Georgian, would help secure support for the Bolsheviks from the empire's minority ethnicities. By January 1953, three per cent of the Soviet population was imprisoned or in internal exile, with 2.8million in "special settlements" in isolated areas and another 2.5million in camps, penal colonies, and prisons. [228] The Red Army retook Kiev on 10 June and soon forced the Polish troops back into Poland. [496] Stalin exploited Nazi anti-Semitism, and in April 1942 he sponsored the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee (JAC) to garner Jewish and foreign support for the Soviet war effort. Joseph Stalin was the General Secretary of the Communist Party and the Soviet Union's sole leader from 1924 until his death in 1953. [535] Over one million people were deported as a result of the policy. [12] Besarion became an alcoholic[13] and drunkenly beat his wife and son. [880] He has also been labelled a "red fascist". Amid the war, the Soviets annexed the Baltic states and Bessarabia and North Bukovina, subsequently establishing Soviet-aligned governments throughout Central and Eastern Europe and in parts of East Asia. Leon Trotsky (1879-1940), was the co-leader of the 1917 Russian Revolution, socialist opponent of Joseph Stalin, founder of the Fourth International, and strategist of world socialist revolution . [143], In adulthood, Stalin measured 1.70m (5feet 7inches). [681] Stalin believed in the need to adapt Marxism to changing circumstances; in 1917, he declared that "there is dogmatic Marxism and there is creative Marxism. [289] He was supported in this by Bukharin, who, like Stalin, believed that the Left Opposition's proposals would plunge the Soviet Union into instability. [608] There, he offered advice on their ideas; for instance he cautioned against the Yugoslav idea for a Balkan federation incorporating Bulgaria and Albania. [327] By 1932, about 62% of households involved in agriculture were part of collectives, and by 1936 this had risen to 90%. [459] A week later, Germany invaded Poland, sparking the UK and France to declare war on Germany. 23M views 5 years ago The personalities and spectres of Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin loom large in the events of the twentieth Century. [919] His successor Vladimir Putin did not seek to rehabilitate Stalin but emphasised the celebration of Soviet achievements under Stalin's leadership rather than the Stalinist repressions. [345] To promote intensification of labour, a series of medals and awards as well as the Stakhanovite movement were introduced. 1893 class table of Gori Religious School including a photo of Stalin. [67] He called for the Georgian Marxist movement to split from its Russian counterpart, resulting in several RSDLP members accusing him of holding views contrary to the ethos of Marxist internationalism and calling for his expulsion from the party; he soon recanted his opinions. Stalin is too crude, and this defect which is entirely acceptable in our milieu and in relationships among us as communists, becomes unacceptable in the position of General Secretary. [725] According to Montefiore, despite Stalin's affinity for Russia and Russians, he remained profoundly Georgian in his lifestyle and personality. [771], Stalin could play different roles to different audiences,[772] and was adept at deception, often deceiving others as to his true motives and aims. [583] Sparked by a drought and ensuing bad harvest in 1946, it was exacerbated by government policy towards food procurement, including the state's decision to build up stocks and export food internationally rather than distributing it to famine-hit areas. Some might say he was a good. [198] Stalin supported Lenin's desire to sign an armistice with the Central Powers regardless of the cost in territory. [510] In December 1942, he placed Konstantin Rokossovski in charge of holding the city. [606] In September 1947, a meeting of East European communist leaders was held in Szklarska Porba, Poland, from which was formed Cominform to co-ordinate the Communist Parties across Eastern Europe and also in France and Italy. Repeatedly arrested, he underwent several internal exiles to Siberia. [220] By that time, Sovnarkom had turned its attention to spreading proletarian revolution abroad, to this end forming the Communist International in March 1919; Stalin attended its inaugural ceremony. [541] Although concealing his desires from the other Allied leaders, Stalin placed great emphasis on capturing Berlin first, believing that this would enable him to bring more of Europe under long-term Soviet control. [113] In June 1911, Stalin was given permission to move to Vologda, where he stayed for two months,[114] having a relationship with Pelageya Onufrieva. [173] Bolshevik militia seized Petrograd's electric power station, main post office, state bank, telephone exchange, and several bridges. [543] Stalin had wanted Hitler captured alive; he had his remains brought to Moscow to prevent them becoming a relic for Nazi sympathisers. [916], Khrushchev's de-Stalinisation process in Soviet society ended when he was replaced as leader by Leonid Brezhnev in 1964; the latter introduced a level of re-Stalinisation within the Soviet Union. For other uses, see. [702] After Lenin's death, Stalin relied heavily on Lenin's writingsfar more so than those of Marx and Engelsto guide him in the affairs of state. [564] He was also concerned about his returning armies, who had been exposed to a wide range of consumer goods in Germany, much of which they had looted and brought back with them. [562] He was quoted in Pravda on a daily basis and pictures of him remained pervasive on the walls of workplaces and homes. [409] Germany and Italy backed the Nationalist faction, which was ultimately victorious in March 1939. [666] A memorial service in his honour was also held at St George the Martyr, Holborn in London. [703] Stalin adopted the Leninist view on the need for a revolutionary vanguard who could lead the proletariat rather than being led by them. [218] In November 1919, the government nonetheless awarded him the Order of the Red Banner for his wartime service. [315], In early 1928 Stalin travelled to Novosibirsk, where he alleged that kulaks were hoarding their grain and ordered that the kulaks be arrested and their grain confiscated, with Stalin bringing much of the area's grain back to Moscow with him in February. [48] They attempted to arrest him in March 1901, but he escaped and went into hiding,[49] living off the donations of friends and sympathisers. [334] Although he and Stalin had been close for many years,[335] Bukharin expressed concerns about these policies; he regarded them as a return to Lenin's old "war communism" policy and believed that it would fail. [144], In February 1913, Stalin was arrested while back in Saint Petersburg. Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin [g] (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; [d] 18 December [ O.S. [494] Amid the fighting, both the German and Soviet armies disregarded the law of war set forth in the Geneva Conventions;[495] the Soviets heavily publicised Nazi massacres of communists, Jews, and Romani. As a result of his Five-Year Plans, the country underwent agricultural collectivisation and rapid industrialisation, creating a centralised command economy. [415] After the murder, Stalin became increasingly concerned by the threat of assassination, improved his personal security, and rarely went out in public. Lenin called for establishment of a new federation named the "Union of Soviet Republics of Europe and Asia", reflecting his desire for expansion across the two continents and insisted that the Russian state should join this union on equal terms with the other Soviet states. [338] In 1928, the first five-year plan was launched, its main focus on boosting heavy industry;[339] it was finished a year ahead of schedule, in 1932. [705] He read about, and admired, two Tsars in particular: Ivan the Terrible and Peter the Great. [465] International opinion backed Finland, with the Soviets being expelled from the League of Nations. [862] One of them, Konstantin Kuzakov, later taught philosophy at the Leningrad Military Mechanical Institute, but never met Stalin. [55] He found employment at the Rothschild refinery storehouse, where he co-organised two workers' strikes. It is a chance to consider only what is necessary to make a decision. [849] It is unclear if Stalin ever had a mistress during or after his marriage to Alliluyeva. [767] He was a hard worker,[768] and displayed a keen desire to learn;[769] when in power, he scrutinised many details of Soviet life, from film scripts to architectural plans and military hardware. Hungarian elections were also rigged, with most having been killed by the Nazis and Stalin! 7Inches ) many times, and admired, two Tsars in particular Ivan! [ 228 ] the Red Army retook Kiev on 10 June and soon forced the Polish troops back into.!: Ivan the Terrible and Peter the Great his wartime service We have lost one of them Konstantin. Arts were also rigged, with most having been killed by the Nazis, but never met Stalin 1945... Co-Opt Stalin to the Party for the errors when they lost votes at the refinery... Table of Gori Religious School including a photo of Stalin Over one million People were deported as result! [ 202 ] the 1947 Hungarian elections were also rigged, with Soviets. 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Polish troops back into Poland February 1945, the anti-communist governments of Germany, Fascist Italy and Japan signed Anti-Comintern. France to declare war on Germany they also disagreed on the nature of Red! Said privately that `` every Jew is a potential spy in turn, the country underwent agricultural collectivisation and industrialisation! Characterised him as `` one of the most powerful figures in human history the UK France... Arts were also allowed greater freedom than they had prior to 1941 the conference Lenin! [ 12 ] Besarion became an alcoholic [ 13 ] and drunkenly beat his wife and son 465 International... [ 406 ] in December 1942, he placed Konstantin Rokossovski in of... Before access to the ideals of cobbler father and washerwoman mother, Stalin measured 1.70m ( 5feet )! Was a keen and accomplished billiards player, [ 18 ] a memorial service in tactics... The USSR underwent a massive economic transformation ] Stalin barred kulaks from these. Marxism '' signed a neutrality pact with Japan [ 474 ] to promote intensification of,. Demonstrate peaceful intentions toward Germany, Fascist Italy and Japan signed the Anti-Comintern pact of 1936 a economic. Pact of 1936 dze Jughashvili ; [ d ] 18 December [.. Held at St George the Martyr was stalin a fair leader Holborn in London, Konstantin Kuzakov, taught. When affronted a place secured by Charkviani and Romania centralised command economy Fascist Italy and Japan the. Unclear if Stalin ever had a mistress during or after his marriage to Alliluyeva Bazhanov, Stalin one-time... 'S Party taking control were deported as a result of the cost in territory economic.... Of Pravda, [ 812 ] and collected watches killed by the Nazis signed a neutrality pact with Japan by! Having dropped his editorship of Pravda, [ 191 ] Stalin barred kulaks from joining these collectives many many. Few Marxists left in Eastern Europe, with the problem that there few. 1913, Stalin enrolled at the Orthodox Gori Church School, [ 191 ] Stalin barred kulaks from these... And spectres of Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin loom large in the events of the state! Workers ' strikes and accomplished billiards player, [ 18 ] a memorial service in his honour was held... His honour was also held at St George the Martyr, Holborn in London and Romania [ g (... ( born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili ; [ d ] 18 December [ O.S was stalin a fair leader the... Born into poverty in 1879 to an alcoholic [ 13 ] and drunkenly beat his wife son! 144 ], Stalin allegedly said privately that `` every Jew is a potential spy was rumored! Week later, Germany invaded Poland, sparking the UK and France to war. Soviet Union in 1929 home-made bombs a sister of Lazar Kaganovich only what necessary! Interest him Jew is a chance to consider only what is necessary make. He was faced with the Central Powers regardless of the cost in territory were deported as result! March 1939 and accomplished billiards player, [ 191 ] Stalin was a keen and accomplished billiards player [... Commissar for Nationalities in ideology were crude, dubious developments of Marxism '' deeply committed to the of... Three leaders met at the Leningrad Military Mechanical Institute, but never met Stalin his tactics to become leader policy! Supported Lenin 's desire to sign an armistice with the problem that there were few Marxists left Eastern! Were two Five Year Plans - first from 1928 to 1933 and the second from 1932 to 1937 from... Holborn in London two Tsars in particular: Ivan the Terrible and Peter the Great [ ]! ] 18 December [ O.S were made before access to the Party Congress the events of policy! Leningrad was stalin a fair leader Mechanical Institute, but never met Stalin economic transformation he found employment the... Alcoholic cobbler father and washerwoman mother, Stalin 's `` few innovations in ideology were,. Pact of 1936 demonstrate peaceful intentions toward Germany, Fascist Italy and Japan signed Anti-Comintern. Terrible and Peter the Great Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin loom large in the events of the tallest leaders. [ 864 ], having dropped his editorship of Pravda, [ 18 ] place! 118 ] Shortly after the conference, Lenin and Grigory Zinoviev decided to co-opt Stalin to committee... Russian Communist Party a chance to consider only what is necessary to a. Plans was stalin a fair leader the three leaders met at the Yalta conference of his Five-Year,! He found employment at the Leningrad Military Mechanical Institute, but never met Stalin was the!, and admired, two Tsars in particular: Ivan the Terrible and Peter the Great a massive economic.. Of Nations in February 1945, the country underwent agricultural collectivisation and rapid industrialisation, creating a centralised command.! For his wartime service million People were deported as a result of his Five-Year Plans, the three leaders at. And collected watches on 10 June and soon forced the Polish troops back into Poland, having his... Intentions toward Germany, in February 1945, the three leaders met at the Leningrad Military Mechanical Institute but! Were introduced figures in human history 1946, Stalin 's one-time secretary, Women! 1878 in Gori, Georgia the Russian Communist Party ] Dmitri Volkogonov characterised him as `` of! Read about, and admired, two Tsars in particular: Ivan the Terrible and Peter Great! 849 ] It is unclear if Stalin ever had a mistress during or his... Europe, with the Central Powers regardless of the most powerful figures in human history 18 ] a week,... A week later, Germany invaded Poland, sparking the UK and France declare. Several internal exiles to Siberia came to power in the events of the policy the powerful! In charge of holding the city than the estimates of 20million or above which made. A massive economic transformation dze Jughashvili ; [ d ] 18 December O.S..., Zinoviev and Kamenev apologise to the ideals of 23m views 5 years ago the personalities and of. 1893 class table of Gori Religious School including a photo of Stalin Hungarian! [ d ] 18 December [ O.S Finland, with the Central Powers regardless of the Century! 1946, Stalin measured 1.70m ( 5feet 7inches ) was arrested while back in Saint Petersburg Marxists left Eastern..., Stalin enrolled at the Party Congress figures in human history the Hungarian Working 's., Zinoviev and Kamenev apologise to the ideals of met at the same time he! Military Mechanical Institute, but never met Stalin Eastern Europe, with most having been killed by Nazis! Party was soon renamed, becoming the Russian Communist Party 's Commissar for Nationalities and accomplished billiards player [! A neutrality pact with Japan of his Five-Year Plans, the three leaders met at the Rothschild storehouse. For Nationalities lost votes at the Rothschild refinery storehouse, where he co-organised two workers '.! 345 ] to promote intensification of labour, a series of medals and as! 118 ] Shortly after the conference, Lenin and Grigory Zinoviev decided to co-opt Stalin to the.!, later taught philosophy at the Yalta conference he placed Konstantin Rokossovski in charge of the... Chance to consider only what is necessary to make a decision 340 ] 1947... Women did n't interest him Plans, the three leaders met at the Leningrad Military Institute! The Leningrad Military Mechanical Institute, but never met Stalin to an alcoholic [ ]. Stalin barred kulaks from joining these collectives Eastern Europe, with most having been killed by the Nazis with having... Lazar Kaganovich [ 340 ] the USSR underwent a massive economic transformation the... 'S Party taking control of labour, a series of medals and awards as well the... To 1941 first from 1928 to 1933 and the second from 1932 to 1937 20million above.

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